About
The Federal Government provides a wide range of benefits to civilian employees to help them meet their personal and family needs. Information about civilian leave entitlements is provided so that you can easily see what is available to help you balance your work and personal life — whether you plan to take time off for a vacation, go to the doctor's office, or help take care of a family member with a serious medical condition.
Annual Leave
Annual leave is time off with pay that may be used for vacations, rest and relaxation, and personal business or emergencies.
May a supervisor deny a request for annual leave?
Yes. Although employees have a right to take annual leave, if your services are needed at work, your request for annual leave may be denied and will have to be rescheduled.
How much annual leave may I carry over from one leave year to the next?
Employees stationed within the United States can carry over a maximum 240 hours of annual leave into the new leave year. Any accrued annual leave in excess of the maximum allowed by law will be forfeited.
Can my supervisor advance annual leave to me?
Yes, supervisors may grant an advance of annual leave consistent with agency policy. The amount of annual leave that may be advanced is limited to the amount of annual leave an employee would accrue in the remainder of the leave year. When an employee who is indebted for advance annual leave separates from Federal service, he or she is required to refund the amount of advance leave for which he or she is indebted.
What happens if I still have annual leave on the books when I resign or retire?
You will receive a lump sum payment for the value of your annual leave.
Annual Leave Resources
5 CFR 630: Absence and Leave
DOD INSTRUCTION 1400.25, VOL 630: Credit for Prior Non-federal Work Experience and Certain Military Service for Determining Leave Accrual Rate
HQMC Leave Handbook (Revised)
OPM Fact Sheet on Annual Leave
OPM Fact Sheet: Lump-Sum Payments for Annual Leave
Sick Leave
The federal government offers a generous sick leave program that allows employees to take time off from duty with pay to deal with their personal medical needs and the medical needs of family members.
What may sick leave be used for?
Sick leave may be used for:
What documentation is required to support use of sick leave?
Normally, an employee’s self certification is acceptable to support use of sick leave. However, for absences of more than 3 days, or for a lesser period if determined by the agency, medical documentation may be required.
May a request for sick leave be denied?
If the sick leave is for a non-emergency reason (such as a routine eye exam) and if the employee’s services are required at work, the sick leave may be disapproved and the employee will have to reschedule the routine medical appointment.
Is there a limit on how much sick leave may be used for general family care and bereavement purposes?
Yes, a maximum of 104 hours (13 days) may be used each leave year.
Sick Leave Resources
Bone Marrow and Organ Donor Leave
Family and Medical Leave Act
Voluntary Leave Transfer Program
OPM Fact Sheet - Sick Leave (General)
OPM Fact Sheet - Sick Leave for Family Care
OPM Fact Sheet - Sick Leave for Family Member with Serious Health Condition
OPM Fact Sheet - Sick Leave for Adoption
Carry Over / Leave Restore
Employees may carry over to the next leave year a maximum amount of accrued annual leave (240 hours for most employees).
"Use or lose" annual leave is the amount of accrued annual leave that is in excess of the employee's maximum annual leave limitation for carry over into the next leave year. Employees must "use" their excess annual leave by the end of a leave year or they will "lose" (forfeit) it. An agency may consider restoring annual leave that was forfeited due to an exigency of the public business, administrative error, or sickness of the employee, as discussed below.
Administrative Error
The employing agency determines what constitutes an administrative error.
Exigency of the Public Business
The employing agency determines that an exigency—i.e., an urgent need for the employee to be at work—is of major importance and that excess annual leave cannot be used. An employee's use of earned compensatory time off or credit hours does not constitute an exigency of the public business. If the use of earned compensatory time off or credit hours that are about to expire results in the forfeiture of excess annual leave, the forfeited leave cannot be restored.
Sickness
The employing agency determines that the annual leave was forfeited because of a period of absence due to an employee's sickness or injury that occurred late in the leave year or was of such duration that the excess annual leave could not be rescheduled for use before the end of the leave year.
Scheduling Requirement
To be eligible for restoration, the annual leave MUST have been scheduled and approved for use in writing before the start of the third biweekly pay period prior to the end of the leave year.
Time Limit for Using Restored Annual Leave
An employee must schedule and use restored annual leave not later than the end of the leave year ending 2 years after—
the date of restoration of the annual leave forfeited because of administrative error;
-
the date fixed by the head of the agency or designee as the date of termination of the exigency of the public business; or
-
the date the employee is determined to be recovered from illness or injury and able to return to duty
Restored annual leave that is not used within the established time limits is forfeited with no further right to restoration. Note: The above limitations do not apply to Department of Defense employees at installations undergoing closure or realignment.
National Emergency by Reason of Certain Terrorist Attacks
On March 4, 2002, OPM issued final regulations that permit "use or lose" annual leave to be restored to employees whose services are determined to be necessary for the current national emergency. Such employees are entitled to have their excess annual leave restored without the administrative burden of scheduling and canceling such leave. In addition, the time limitations for using restored annual leave are suspended for the entire period during which employees' services are determined to be essential for activities associated with the national emergency. At the end of the national emergency, or when the services of the employee no longer are determined to be necessary, a new time limit will be established for using all restored leave available to the employee.
Requesting Restoration of Forfeited Annual Leave
Guidance will be published annually as to the procedures for requesting forfeited annual leave. Generally, employees will have to provide the following to support a request for restoration of forfeited leave:
Documentation showing the forfeited leave was scheduled for use within the prescribed time limit and a statement that it could not be approved or was cancelled and that it could not be rescheduled for use during the reminder of the leave year
-
A statement of the business exigency, medical emergency, or administrative error involved;
-
The endorsement of the Staff Agency/Commanding Officer or his/her designee
Separate Leave Account
Forfeited leave that is restored will be placed in a separate leave account and will appear on the employee’s leave and earning statement.
Carry Over / Leave Restore Resources
5 CFR 630, SUBPART C (RESTORED LEAVE SECTIONS)
DOD FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION VOLUME 8, CHAPTER 5
Bone Marrow and Organ Donation
BONE MARROW DONORS
An employee may use up to 7 days of paid leave each calendar year to serve as a bone-marrow donor. However, an employee who is having bone marrow removed to be stored for his/her own future use is not entitled to use bone marrow leave for this purpose.
ORGAN DONORS
An employee may use up to 30 days of paid leave each calendar year to serve as an organ donor. Leave for bone marrow and organ donation is a separate category of leave that is in addition to annual and sick leave.
Bone Marrow and Organ Donation Resources
GOVINFO BONE MARROW AND ORGAN DONATION LEAVE
Administrative Leave Excused Absence
An excused absence/administrative leave is a period of administratively authorized absence from official duties without loss of pay and without charge to an employee's leave account and is distinct from the absence of an employee who is performing officially sanctioned activities away from the employee's usual worksite or regular duties.
TARDINESS AND BRIEF ABSENCE
When reasons appear to be justifiable, an employee's tardiness or other brief absence from duty of less than one hour may be excused by a leave-approving official.
RETURN FROM ACTIVE MILITARY SERVICE
Federal employees who are members of the National Guard or Reserves and who are returning from active duty in support of the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) are entitled to five (5) days of excused absence, without loss of pay or personal leave, to ease the transition to civilian life. An “overseas” deployment is not required for this entitlement. Excused absence for this purpose is applicable for employees returning from active military service in connection with the GWOT as part of Operation Noble Eagle, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Iraqi Freedom, as well as any other current or future military operations deemed to be part of the GWOT.
Administrative Leave Excused Absence Resources
DoD Instruction 1400.25, Volume 630, section 6
Update on Excused Absence for Employees Returning from Active Military Duty (OPM Document)
leave without pay
Leave without pay (LWOP) is a temporary non pay status and absence from duty that, in most cases, is granted at the employee's request. In most instances, granting LWOP is a matter of supervisory discretion and may be limited by agency internal policy. Employees, however, have an entitlement to LWOP in the following situations:
-
The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) (Public Law 103-3, February 5, 1993), provides covered employees with an entitlement to a total of up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave (LWOP) during any 12-month period for certain family and medical needs.
-
The Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 (Public Law. 103-353) provides employees with an entitlement to LWOP when employment with an employer is interrupted by a period of service in the uniformed service.
-
Executive Order 5396, July 17, 1930, provides that disabled veterans are entitled to LWOP for necessary medical treatment.
-
Employees receiving workers’ compensation are entitled to leave without pay for limited periods
IMPACT OF LWOP ON LEAVE ACCRUAL
When the number of LWOP status hours in a full-time employee’s leave year equals his or her biweekly tour of duty (80, 112, 144 hours), the employee’s leave accrual is reduced by an amount equal to the amount of leave (sick and annual) earned during a pay period.
Did you know?
. . . that if a request for annual or sick leave is approved but you don’t have annual or sick leave available, your leave request will be treated as a request for LWOP?
leave without pay resources
Effect of Extended Leave Without Pay (LWOP) (or Other Nonpay Status) on Federal Benefits and Programs (OPM)
court leave
An employee is entitled to paid time off without charge to leave for service as a juror or witness. An employee is responsible for informing his or her supervisor if he or she is excused from jury or witness service for 1 day or more.
Jury Duty
An employee who is summoned to serve as a juror in a judicial proceeding is entitled to court leave.
Witnesses
An employee who is summoned as a witness in a judicial proceeding in which the Federal, State, or local government is a party is entitled to court leave.
Official Duty
An employee who is summoned as a witness in an official capacity on behalf of the Federal Government is on official duty, not court leave.
Jury duty is a civic responsibility!
Requirements
An employee who is under proper summons from a court to serve on a jury should be granted court leave for the entire period, regardless of the number of hours per day or days per week he actually serves on the jury during the period. Jury service for which an employee is entitled to court leave does not include periods when the employee is excused or discharged by the court, either for an indefinite period, subject to call by the court or for a definite period in excess of one day.
Documentation
When an employee is called for court service (as a witness or juror), the court order, subpoena, or summons, if one was issued, must be presented to the supervisor as far in advance as possible.
Jury Duty Service Payment Fees
Fees received by the employee are collected while allowances are not collected. The employee must submit fees by money order or personal check along with a certificate of attendance to the employing activity.
The certificate of attendance shows inclusive dates of jury duty and the amount of fees the court paid to the employee. The certificate of attendance should identify fees and allowances separately. If the certificate of attendance does not identify allowances separately, all moneys are considered fees and shall be collected.
court leave resources
OPM Fact Sheet: Court Leave
DoD Financial Management Regulation Volume 8, Chapter 5 of September 2008 (COURT LEAVE)
Family and Medical Leave Act
The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) provides most full time Federal employees with an entitlement to a total of 12 weeks (480 hours) of unpaid leave during any 12-month period for:
-
the care of the employee's spouse, child, or parent with a serious health condition;
-
a serious health condition that makes the employee unable to perform the essential functions of their position;
-
birth of son or daughter and care of the new born; and/or
-
placement of a child with the employee for adoption or foster care
JOB PROTECTION AND BENEFITS
-
Upon return from FMLA leave, an employee must be returned to the same position or to an "equivalent position with equivalent benefits, pay, status, and other terms and conditions of employment."
-
An employee who takes FMLA leave is entitled to maintain health benefits coverage. An employee on unpaid FMLA leave may pay the employee share of the premiums on a current basis or pay upon return to work.
ADVANCE NOTICE AND MEDICAL CERTIFICATION
-
An employee must provide notice of his or her intent to take family and medical leave not less than 30 days before leave is to begin or, in emergencies, as soon as is practicable.
-
Medical certification is required to support a request for FMLA leave to care for an employee's spouse, son, daughter, or parent who has a serious health condition or for the serious health condition of the employee.
-
If the FMLA request is based on the birth and care of a son or daughter or the placement of a child for adoption or foster care, the employee may be required to provide administratively acceptable evidence to support the request.
WHEN THE 12 MONTH PERIOD BEGINS FOR FMLA
The 12-month period begins on the date an employee first takes FMLA leave and continues for 12 months. An employee is not entitled to 12 additional workweeks of unpaid leave until the previous 12-month period ends and an event or situation occurs that entitles the employee to another period of FMLA leave. This may include a continuation of a previous event or situation.
SUBSTITUTION OF PAID LEAVE FOR UNPAID LEAVE
An employee may substitute accrued or advanced annual or sick leave and donated annual leave for unpaid FMLA leave, consistent the rules governing use of leave. For example, if FMLA is invoked to care for a healthy newborn, only annual leave may be substituted as there is no authorization to use sick leave for a healthy child.
EXPANDED FMLA ENTITLEMENTS FOR FAMILY MEMBERS OF ACTIVE DUTY SERVICE MEMBERS
The FMLA was amended in 2008 to allow employees to take up to 12 weeks of leave each year for each 12 month period for any qualifying exigency arising out of the fact the service member is on active duty or has been notified of a call to active duty in support of a contingency operation. Additionally, the FMLA was amended to allow eligible employees to take up to 26 weeks of leave to care for a covered service member with a serious illness or injury.
family and medical leave resources
OPM Fact Sheet: Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
Family and Medical Leave Act (5 CFR Part 630 Subpart L)
Department of Labor (DoL) Form WH-380-E: Certification of Health Care Provider for Employee’s Serious Health Condition (Family and Medical Leave Act)
Department of Labor (DoL) Form WH-380-F: Certification of Health Care Provider for Family Member’s Serious Health Condition
Department of Labor (DoL) Form WH-384: Certification of Qualifying Exigency For Military Family Leave
Department of Labor (DoL) Form WH-385: Certification for Serious Injury or Illness of Covered Servicemember - for Military Family Leave
Recent Changes to the Family and Medical Leave Act (OPM Document)
Family and Medical Leave Act FAQs
I am the primary caregiver for my grandson, who has a serious medical condition. May I use FMLA leave for this?
Yes, if you are acting “in loco parentis” to any child under the age of 18, you may invoke your entitlement to FMLA to care for the child with a serious medical condition, even though you are not the biological parent. If the child is over the age of 18, you may be entitled to FMLA only if the child is incapable of self support due to physical or mental disability.
My mother-in-law is very ill and needs me to help care for her. May I use FMLA for this?
No. FMLA applies to parents but not to in-laws with a serious medical condition.
I was hired 8 months ago. This is my first federal position. Am I eligible for FMLA?
No. You must have 12 months of continuous service to be eligible for FMLA.
I have the flu. May I use FMLA to cover my absence?
FMLA is not intended to cover common medical problems such as the flu and stomach aches, unless complications arise. FMLA is intended to cover serious medical conditions that:
-
require in patient care in a hospital, hospice, or residential medical care facility; or
-
require continuing treatments by a health care provider
How much time is allowed to provide medical certification to support a FMLA request?
Employees have 15 days to provide the certification. If it is not practicable for the employee to provide the certification, despite the employee’s diligent good faith efforts, the employee must provide it in a reasonable period and not later than 30 days after the agency requests the certification.
military leave
If you are in the National Guard or are an Armed Forces Reservist, are in a full-time federal civilian position and your federal civilian appointment is not limited to a one year duration, you are entitled to military leave for certain types of active or inactive duty. If you are a part-time career employee or on an uncommon tour of duty, you may also be eligible for military leave.
Available Law Enforcement/Military Contingency Leave
Effective November 24, 2003, if you perform full-time military service as a result of a call or order to active duty in support of a contingency operation, you may be entitled to an additional 22 days of leave from your civilian duties each calendar year. You are also entitled to this leave if you are activated for a state emergency on orders from the Governor of that state. If you meet the eligibility requirements for using the 22 workdays of military leave, you may elect to use accrued annual leave or available compensatory time earned prior to using the 22 workdays of military leave. Please note that the absence period may not be charged to sick leave.
Requesting Military Leave
Military leave should be requested and approved as far in advance as possible to allow the supervisor to accommodate the absence; the same as any other type of leave. There is no requirement to use the OPM Form 71 to request leave but it is the recommend form. Employees need to include the specific dates/hours they want military leave to cover and attach a copy of the military orders which support the request (if available). Specify the type of military leave requested; e.g., normal activity duty; support of a contingency operation; law enforcement support; technicians performing noncombat operations outside the US; or parade/encampment. Upon returning to work the employee must provide the supervisor with acceptable supporting documentation; e.g., properly authorized military orders, to support the specific military leave. Documentation must include dates, times, and signatures verifying that the period of active duty was performed.
military leave resources
OPM Fact Sheet: Military Leave
OPM Frequently-Asked Questions: Military Leave
DoD Financial Management Regulations (Volume 8, Section 0518): Military Leave
parental leave
The Federal Government offers numerous leave flexibilities to assist employees in meeting their work and family obligations, including paid time off for childbirth and adoption and care of the newborn or adopted child. There is no separate leave category for parental leave. Instead, employees are entitled to use paid and unpaid leave, along with workplace scheduling flexibilities, to meet their family obligations.
Most employees are entitled to a total of up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave under the FMLA for specified family and medical needs, including care of a newborn or newly adopted child. An employee may choose to substitute annual leave or sick leave, where appropriate, for unpaid leave under the FMLA. It is important to note that Federal employees are entitled to 12 weeks of FMLA leave in addition to any other paid or unpaid leave approved by the supervisor. In addition, if an employee experiences a personal or family medical emergency and has exhausted all of his or her available paid leave, he or she may apply for donated annual leave under the leave transfer or program. Although the Federal Government does not offer temporary disability coverage (providing partial salary replacement) to its employees, the employees own sick leave account and/or transferred annual leave under the leave transfer program (providing full salary replacement) are available in maternity situations.
pregnancy and childbirth
A new mother who is a Federal employee is entitled to use her sick leave (which she accrues at a rate of 13 days per year) for any period of incapacitation resulting from pregnancy and/or childbirth. For most new mothers, this period of eligibility to use sick leave ranges from 6 to 8 weeks, as certified by her physician. If the new mother does not have sufficient sick leave to cover her period of incapacitation, she may request advance sick leave from her agency or receive donated annual leave through the leave transfer and/or leave bank programs. If she elects to remain at home for an additional period following her recovery, she is entitled to use up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave under the FMLA. She may choose to substitute her annual leave (which she accrues at a rate of 13, 20, or 26 days a year, depending on length of service) for any of the FMLA leave without pay. She may also request and her agency may grant additional annual leave or leave without pay beyond the amounts guaranteed by the FMLA.
-
May I be advanced leave to cover my time off for childbirth if I don’t have enough accrued sick leave?
-
Yes. Advanced sick leave (up to 240 hours) may be granted for periods of incapacitation and recovery.
leave for fathers
A new father who is a Federal employee is entitled to use his sick leave (up to a maximum of 12 weeks) to accompany his wife to medical appointments, to be with her during her hospitalization, and to care for her during her recovery period (about 6 to 8 weeks). If the new father does not have sufficient sick leave to cover his wife’s full recovery period, he may request donated annual leave through the leave transfer and/or leave bank programs. If the new father would like additional time off to care for the newborn, he may use up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave under the FMLA. He may choose to substitute his annual leave (which he accrues at a rate of 13, 20, or 26 days a year, depending on length of service) for any of the FMLA leave without pay. He may also request and his agency may grant additional annual leave or leave without pay beyond the amounts guaranteed by the FMLA.
adoptive parents
Adoptive parents are entitled to use sick leave (without limit) for purposes related to the adoption of a child. Such purposes may include but are not limited to the following:
-
Appointments with adoption agencies, social workers, and attorneys;
-
Court proceedings;
-
Required travel;
-
Any periods of time the adoptive parents are ordered or required by an adoption agency or a court to take time off from work to care for the adopted child; and
-
Any other activities necessary to allow the adoption to proceed
New adoptive parents may be advanced up to 30 days of sick leave for these purposes. They also are entitled to up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave under the FMLA and may choose to substitute their annual leave for FMLA leave without pay. They may also request and the agency may grant additional annual leave or leave without pay beyond the amounts guaranteed by the FMLA.
parental leave resources
OPM Handbook on Leave and Workplace Flexibilities for Childbirth, Adoption, and Foster Care
leave accrual rate
The amount of annual leave employees earn each pay period is determined by the length of creditable service, both civilian and military. For sick leave, the leave accrual rate is a flat 4 hours a pay period (for full time employees), regardless of length of service.
creditable service for leave accrual
Civilian Service
All civilian service that is potentially creditable for Civil Service Retirement Service (CSRS) purposes, including service covered by the Federal Employee Retirement Service (FERS) is also creditable for annual leave accrual. Potentially creditable service includes service that could be credited if the employee made deposits to the retirement fund. Such deposits are not required before the employee gets credit for annual leave accrual purposes.
Uniformed Service
-
For non-retired members, full credit for uniformed service (including active duty and active duty for training) performed under honorable conditions is given for annual leave accrual purposes
-
For retirees, annual leave accrual credit is given only for:
-
Actual service during a war declared by Congress (includes World War II covering the period December 7, 1941, to April 28, 1952) or while participating in a campaign or expedition for which a campaign badge is authorized or
-
All active duty when retirement was based on a disability received as a direct result of armed conflict or caused by an instrumentality of war and incurred in the line of duty during a period of war as defined in 38 U.S.C. 101(11). "Period of war" includes World War II, the Korean conflict, Vietnam era, the Persian Gulf War, or the period beginning on the date of any future declaration of war by the Congress and ending on the date prescribed by Presidential proclamation or concurrent resolution of the Congress.
Non-Federal Service or Uniformed Service
A newly appointed or reappointed employee may receive service credit for prior non-Federal service or active duty uniformed service that otherwise would not be creditable for the purpose of determining his or her annual leave accrual under the conditions prescribed by regulation and agency policy. Within DoD, crediting non-federal service or uniformed service is used as a recruitment incentive only and must be addressed during the hiring process.
annual leave accrual rates
Employees earn annual leave based on the length of their creditable service. Creditable service may be federal service, active duty military service, or prior non-federal service. There are some limitations on what military and non-federal service will count for leave accrual purposes. See also section on creditable service below.
|
Employee Type
|
Less than 3 years of service
|
3 years but less than 15 years of service
|
15 or more years of service
|
| Full-time employees |
½ day (4 hours) for each pay period |
3/4 day (6 hours) for each pay period, except 1¼ day (10 hours) in last pay period of leave year |
1 day (8 hours) for each pay period |
| Part-time employees |
1 hour of annual leave for each 20 hours in a pay status |
1 hour of annual leave for each 13 hours in a pay status |
1 hour of annual leave for each 10 hours in a pay status |
| Employees with uncommon tours of duty |
(4 hours) times (average # of hours per biweekly pay period) divided by 80 = biweekly accrual rate. |
(6 hours) times (average # of hours per biweekly pay period) divided by 80 = biweekly accrual rate. |
(8 hours) times (average # of hours per biweekly pay period) divided by 80 = biweekly accrual rate. |
annual leave ceilings
There is a limit on how much annual leave may be carried over from one leave year to the next. Annual leave in excess of the limit is forfeited by the employee. See also the section on Restoration of Annual Leave
| Maximum Annual Leave That May Be Carried Over into the New Leave Year |
| Federal Employees Stationed within the United States |
30 days |
| Federal Employees Stationed Overseas |
45 days |
| Members of the Senior Executive Service, Senior-Level and Scientific and Professional Employees |
90 days |
sick leave accrual rates
Sick leave is accrued based on a set amount regardless of the length of creditable service. There is no limit on how much sick leave may be accrued. Unused sick leave accumulated by employees covered by the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) will be used in the calculation of their annuities. FERS employees retiring before December 31, 2013 will receive a 50 percent credit for unused sick leave; after January 1, 2014 they will receive full credit for unused sick leave.
| Sick Leave Accrual Rates |
| Full-time Employees |
1/2 day (4 hours) for each biweekly pay period |
| Part-time Employees |
1 hour for each 20 hours in a pay status |
Miscellaneous Leave Situations
Federal Holidays - Work Schedules and Pay
Fact Sheet: Lunch or Other Meal Periods